Computereinsatz im Mathematikunterricht mit Schwerpunkt auf die Anwendung von Softwareprodukten

In dieser Diplomarbeit wird für jedes Themengebiet jeder Klasse anhand des Lehrplans für Mathematik ein Computerprogramm zur Verwendung vorgeschlagen. Dabei kommen "Mathematica", "GeoGebra", "Derive", "Wiris", "Microsoft Office" und "Moodle" vor. Zu jeder Klasse wird die Programmanwendung zu einem Themengebiet genauer durch Beispiele beschrieben. Weiters wird eine Unterrichtssequenz vorgeschlagen zum Thema "Geraden in der Ebene", wobei zum einen das Programm "GeoGebra" und zum anderen das Programm "Moodle" verwendet wird

Redox homeostasis and age-related deficits in neuromuscular integrity and function

Skeletal muscle is a major site of metabolic activity and is the most abundant tissue in the human body. Age-related muscleatrophy (sarcopenia) and weakness, characterized by progressive loss of lean muscle mass and function, is a major contributorto morbidity and has a profound effect on the quality of life of older people. With a continuously growing older population(estimated 2 billion of people aged >60 by 2050), demand for medical and social care due to functional deficits, associatedwith neuromuscular ageing, will inevitably increase. Desp ite the importance of this ‘epidemic’ problem, the primarybiochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related deficits in neuromuscular integrity and function have not beenfully determined. Skeleta l muscle generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) from a variety of subcellular sources,and age-associated oxidative damage has been suggested to be a major fac tor contributing to the initiation and progression ofmuscle atrophy inherent with ageing. RONS can modulate a variety of intracellular signal transduction processes, anddisruption of these events over time due to altered redox control has been proposed as an underlying mechanis m of ageing.The role of oxidants in ageing has been extensively examined in different model organisms that have undergone geneticmanipulations with inconsistent findings. Transgenic and knockout rodent studies have provided insight into the function ofRONS regulatory systems in neuromuscular ageing. This review summarizes almost 30 years of research in the field of redoxhomeostasis and muscle ageing, providing a detailed discussion of the experimental approaches that have been undertaken inmurine models to examine the role of redox regulation in age-related muscle atrophy and weakness

Cocktails of Mycotoxins, Phytoestrogens, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Diets of Dairy Cows in Austria: Inferences from Diet Composition and Geo-Climatic Factors

Dairy production is a pivotal economic sector of Austrian and European agriculture. Dietary toxins and endocrine disruptors of natural origin such as mycotoxins and phytoestrogens can affect animal health, reproduction, and productivity. This study characterized the profile of a wide spectrum of fungal, plant, and unspecific secondary metabolites, including regulated, emerging, and modified mycotoxins, phytoestrogens, and cyanogenic glucosides, in complete diets of lactating cows from 100 Austrian dairy farms. To achieve this, a validated multi-metabolite liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometric (LC/ESI–MS/MS) method was employed, detecting 155 of >800 tested metabolites. Additionally, the most influential dietary and geo-climatic factors related to the dietary mycotoxin contamination of Austrian dairy cattle were recognized. We evidenced that the diets of Austrian dairy cows presented ubiquitous contamination with mixtures of mycotoxins and phytoestrogens. Metabolites derived from Fusarium spp. presented the highest concentrations, were the most recurrent, and had the highest diversity among the detected fungal compounds. Zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and fumonisin B1 were the most frequently occurring mycotoxins considered in the EU legislation, with detection frequencies >70%. Among the investigated dietary factors, inclusion of maize silage (MS) and straw in the diets was the most influential factor in contamination with Fusarium-derived and other fungal toxins and metabolites, and temperature was the most influential among the geo-climatic factors

Testing gravity with cold-atom clocks in space

Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES) is a mission designed to test Einstein’s theory of General Relativity from the International Space Station (ISS). A primary frequency standard based on laser cooled caesium atoms (PHARAO) and an active H-maser (SHM) generate a clock signal that is distributed to a network of clocks on the ground to perform space-to-ground comparison. With a fractional frequency stability of 1 × 10−16 after 10 days of integration time and an accuracy of 1 – 2 × 10−16, ACES will provide an absolute measurement of the gravitational redshift, it will search for time variations of fundamental constant, and perform Standard Model Extension (SME) tests. The ACES payload is currently completing its qualification tests before flying. The mission status, the latest test results, and the ACES performance for testing General Relativity are discussed